Case Study Skin Care Segment

Case Study Skin Care Segment From soaps and shampoos in the morning to overnight repair face creams, from sunscreen products in summers to moisturizing lotions in winters; skin care products literally touch our daily lives. These products we use are in some measure the signature of our lifestyles and standards of living. The skin care industry worldwide is a 50 Billion Dollar plus business. Caring for the skin of people throughout the world is an extraordinary business. It is a business where people are passionate about their work, because it matters. It matters to their families, to their communities and to the world. It is a business filled with tremendous opportunity for leadership and growth in the 21st century; a business where unmet needs still abound and where people around the world are waiting for new and better solutions. Skin care includes dramatic breakthroughs in science and technologies are opening the doors to bold new approaches; where global demographic and economic trends favor growth. It is a business where a broadly based company with a strong vision, a culture of caring and the resources to invest in the future has the opportunity to take the skin care to a new level for people throughout the world and where such a company can make a profound, positive difference for its customers. As the worlds obsession with fair blemishes skin continues, skin care products have emerged as a key driver for the personal care category. All the personal care majors, from HUL, PG and Emami to LOreal, CavinKare, Nivea and Dabur, are fighting a high-pitch battle to gain share in the small, but fast-growing skin care market. Indian skincare market ~ Rs 2,100 crore Skincare moisturizer market ~ Rs 1,600 crore Premium Skincare Market ~ Rs 450 crore Skincare market has been steadily growing at 16 per cent as of last year Anti-Ageing Market ~ Rs 60 crore Avons Face care Recommendation: Steps to cleanse and moisturize your face Step 1: Wash face thoroughly with a Cleanser. This opens up the pores on ones face Step 2: Apply Toner to close the pores to prevent dirt and dust from accumulating in the opened pores Step 3: Apply a Treatment (meaning a product like a wrinkle cream, firming cream, brightening etc.) Step 4: Apply a Moisturizer (During the day, your moisturizer should have a SPF in it. One can even use a combination of a fairness cream with SPF) Thats it! This process should only take about 3 to 5 minutes. Remember, a small amount goes a long way with your products. Dont over apply. That may decrease the effectiveness of the product. We note that every step caters to a different range of products LARGEST SKINCARE MARKETS WORLDWIDE France- It lives up to the reputation of the skincare knowledge centre with its the consumers having regular skincare routines The US is the second largest skincare market in the world, with a strong forecast growth in hand care The Japanese purchase high amounts of skincare products, as caring for skin forms a key element of their beauty routines Skin whitening creams form an important basis of Middle Eastern womens skincare regimes Per capita consumption in Hong Kong US$ 40, US$ 9 in Philippines, US$ 10 in Malaysia and Taiwan, 12 US$ in Japan and US$ 1.5 in China. Segment Market Overview Personal care category in India is valued at Rs 54.6 billion. An average Indian spends 8% of his income on personal care products. Skincare forms the largest part of the overall personal care market in volume terms. In 2009, around 15% of all spend on personal care came in the skincare category. The market size of this segment is US$ 200 million. Skin care grew by 13% in 2009 to reach nearly Rs32 billion. Skin care products comprise of personal grooming and personal hygiene products. The broad product categories are as follows- Personal Wash: soaps, face wash, body wash, shower gels Facial Care: face packs (or masks), anti acne, anti ageing, fairness, lip calms, astringents, toners Body Care: sunscreens, moisturizers, talcum prickly heat powders, antiseptics Foot care: Anti crack creams Hand care: Untapped market Skin Care Category: All India Urban Volume 13265.3 tonnes Conclusions derived from the above chart: Fairness sub category- 60% of the Skin care category volumes comes from this segment Winter Care sub category- Decline in consumption and decrease in small pack size buyers resulting in decline in volume Antiseptic sub category- New customers are driving the growth for this segment Sunscreen sub category- Low new trier rate Cleansing sub category- Increase in consumption from retainers is increasing volumes The anti-ageing phenomenon continues to gather momentum, with the worldwide market expected to reach $115.5bn by the end of 2010. Nourishers/anti-agers saw the fastest value growth of 19% in 2009. SWOT STRENGTHS Worlds largest FMCG company with a 61% share in the Indian skincare market Hindustan Unilever Ltds products continue to dominate skin care sales in 2009 The companys brands Fair Lovely, Ponds and Lakme were the top three skin care brands in India in 2009, with Fair Lovely accounting for 48% of the value sales of skin care in India. Long product mix Sophisticated Supply chain Strong brand name Major brands Ponds, Lux, Dove, Vaseline, Lifebuoy, Liril, Pears, Breeze, Hamam Since the brands have individual names, HULs reputation is not tied with that of the product. HUL carries all the advantages that come as a result of being a house of brands. Broad product line catering to all segments Low-priced sachet SKUs, free samples and new variants for its major brands boosted sales WEAKNESSES Significantly higher advertising expenditure incurred by HUL to build up all its brands from scratch since a blanket family name is not attached to the individual brands. Unilever generated revenues of $55.4 billion in the financial year (FY) ended December 2009, a decrease of 1.7% over 2008. The companys net income totaled $4.7 billion in FY2009, a decrease of 33.0% over 2008. OPPORTUNITIES The personal care division of HUL is recording an increase in revenues to the tune of $ 16.5 billion in 2009, an increase of 4.1% over 2008 owing to a volume growth of 2.3% driven by stronger innovation, advertising and promotional activities. Skin care grew by 13% in 2009 to reach nearly Rs32 billion Average unit prices continued to rise in 2009 Skin care is forecast to see a constant value CAGR of 10% Skin care continued to attract new players, both in the mass and premium categories, and, despite concerns about economic and financial security in the first half of 2009, skin care continued to see dynamic growth in 2009. THREATS Large numbers of relatively unorganised local players give it competition in the lower-price segments. Since these players typically operate in small geographies, they invest almost nothing in brand building and are thus able to offer higher trade margins and sell to consumers at prices lower than those of HLLs brands. Competition from organised national brands especially P G in the higher-price segments. In recent years, price war between the two FMCG giants has resulted in a dwindling of profits for both. 4.2 PROCTOR GAMBLE PG Hygiene and Health Care Limited is one of Indias fastest growing Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies that has in its portfolio PGs Billion dollar brands such as Vicks Whisper. With a turnover of Rs. 500+ crores, the Company has carved a reputation for delivering high quality, value-added products to meet the needs of consumers. SWOT STRENGTHS Diversification: Product diversification with about 300 products. The diverse product mix includes personal and beauty items, household products, health and wellness, Baby and family and pet care and nutrition. Research and development: PG invests 3 4 % of Net outside Sales in research and development (RD). This amount easily exceeds their leading competitors, among consumer products companies. They also have more Ph.D.s working in labs around the world than the combined science and engineering faculty at Harvard, MIT and Berkeley. Innovation: In fiscal year 2004-05, PG was granted 27,000 patents globally. PG has produced a number of new products like diapers; shampoo and conditioner in one; toothpaste that prevents osteoporosis. Its diversified product mix helps in connecting technology across categories and brings innovation to the product. Brand building: Advertisement expenditure of PG is twice than the next company on the list of companies which spend highly on advertising. WEAKNESSES Has only recently, in 2007, made a foray into the skincare sector in India with the launch of its Olay brand. Is still a novice in a sector full of highly experienced competitors. Inadequate quality control: With large number of product profile, the quality control of all the products has deteriorated. OPPORTUNITIES Developing markets: The economies of China and India are growing at a very fast pace. The company currently competes in only about 10 of its top 25 categories in most developing countries. This provides PG with an opportunity to enhance its market share as well as expand its presence in other categories. THREATS Its brand Olay faces direct competition Ponds premium skincare range. Faces competition from local low-cost manufacturers 4.3 JOHNSON JOHNSON SWOT STRENGTHS Johnson Johnsons range of baby products is used widely by adults as it is one brand which is known for being very gentle on the skin. Clean and Clear face wash has effectively targeted the teenage segment which is paranoid of pimple problems and needs an effective and affordable remedy to acne. WEAKNESSES Neutrogenaoffering around 25 beauty items ranging from fairness creams, face cleansing lotions to sun protection and hand and body care products which was launched as a premium product is priced too steeply and not differentiated enough from Clean and Clear to justify the high price. OPPORTUNITIES The skincare segment is growing at a rate of 13% in India and thus provides immense growth opportunities to Johnson and Johnson. THREATS Ayurvedic products which are similarly gentle on the skin for e.g. Himalaya Faces competition from FMCG giants HUL and P G which have very long product line Factors shaping the industry 5.1 Growth Drivers Consumers clearly believe that taking care of their skin is one of the most important parts of their overall health and beauty regimes. Research shows that more consumers rated taking care of their skin as important than they did for looking their best in day-to-day life, highlighting how pivotal skincare is to the majority. Rapid urbanisation Increased purchasing power Greater awareness of fashion amongst the younger population Rising participation of women in urban work force Growing tendency to focus on individual and self gratification Growing importance of looks and personal grooming for personal and professional reasons Market trends like spread of organized retail to Tier II cities Development of non-traditional segments like mens cosmetics Development of a wide range of products at different price points Increasing competition with entry of large MNCs Increased brand building Customer awareness initiatives by companies Source-EIU CIA world fact book 5.2 INHIBITORS CULTURAL ISSUES Some cultures are more complex to service beauty-wise than others. It has been widely documented that some brands fail to build successful relationships with Muslim consumers because they fail to understand the consumers they are talking to. Because of cultural and religious issues, women focussing too much on looks are considered to be sinners and hence are not encouraged to focus on beautifying themselves. PRICE SENSITIVITY India is a very price sensitive market and thus there is a dire need for innovative solutions to cater to the Indian preferences and budgets. 5.3 Trend Analysis Key Trends in terms of product categories: Anti- ageing Anti-ageing solutions are nascent but gaining ground. It is the fastest growing segment in the skincare market (approximately 3 per cent of the overall skin category, it has doubled in the last three years) Brands Companies in anti ageing HUL Ponds Age Miracle Range PG Olay Total Effects: Fighting the 7 signs of ageing (lines and wrinkles, sagging, uneven skin tone, age spots, pores, dullness and dryness). Olay is a $2-billion brand. LOreal Garnier: In India since last decade Target Consumer for anti ageing: Indian Women looking for one product that will help her stay young and beautiful (Agelessness) Consumer Activation: Counters at cosmetics stores with counselling by expert beauty consultants at departmental stores and large modern retail outlets and further education on skincare Ayurveda Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical traditions practiced in India, Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries, and has a sound philosophical and experiential basis. [4] Ayurveda has several formulations for management of aging and other skin care related conditions. Its literature describes over 200 herbs, minerals and fats to maintain and enhance the health and beauty of the skin. Today there is once again a revival of preference for natural products, and in recent years there has been a great upsurge in the study of Indian herbs. [7] Thus brands like Himalaya and Dabur Uveda have come to the fore. They offer specific solutions to skin problems. For example: Himalaya offers Neem (the derma specialist), Acne and pimple cream, antiseptic cream, foot care cream for cracks and a variety of face packs Clinics for skin treatment: Clinics such as VLCC and KAYA provide acne, hair removal and anti ageing treatments And this is in addition to offering a range of products in skin care. Fairness: Fairness creams have become the major drivers of the skin care segments growth. Fair and Lovely dominates this market catering to the needs of Indian women who wish to be fair (fair is beautiful) and that too at a very affordable price. Another new trend is the introduction of Emami and Garniers fairness creams for men. An overview of trends in India: The pace of new brand/product launches in skin care remained robust in 2009. Leading players, including Hindustan Unilever Ltd, modernized their brands with the addition of new product variants to feed female consumer appetite for more sophisticated products and male consumers increasing willingness to pay for specialized products for men. Skin care continued to attract new players, both in the mass and premium categories, and, despite concerns about economic and financial security in the first half of 2009, skin care continued to see dynamic growth in 2009. 2009 value growth was slightly higher than the CAGR of 12%. Robust growth towards was driven by increasing consumer sophistication and premiumization. Some consumers may have traded up from basic products such as Fair Lovely to more sophisticated variants offered by mass brands such as Ponds Flawless White, which incorporates SPF, UVAB filters and matt effect. Premium skin care grew slightly faster at 15% in current value terms than skin care as a whole in 2009. While skin care sales continued to be dominated by mass brands in India, urban women increasingly added one or two premium brands such as Este Lauder and Artistry to their skin care regimen alongside staples such as Fair Lovely and Ponds Word-of-mouth publicity for direct selling brands and the growing visibility of international brands in outlets in the major cities boosted the growth of premium products in 2009. Whitening and fairness and glowing/clear complexion remained the most prominent marketing claims in skin care in India in 2009 due to the prevailing preference of Indian consumers for fair skin. Acne treatment brands are commonly available in cream/ointment, lotion and bar soap formats. Cream/ointment is by far the most popular format, accounting for 81% of value sales of acne treatments in 2009. In September 2009, Clean Clear Active Clear Acne Clearing Gel was launched by Johnson Johnson Ltd. Acne kits are not available in India, and sales of acne treatment products are dominated by chemists outlets. LOreal India Pvt Ltd increasingly stationed beauty advisors in upmarket chemists outlets to promote Vichy in Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi. Nonetheless, due to its high price points and premium positioning, Vichy remained a highly niche brand in 2009. The launch of Garnier Light Eye Roll On in early 2009 was a huge success as the product highlighted the commonly faced problems of puffiness of eyes and dark circles and leveraged consumers latent need for such a product. The use of face scrubs and peel-off face masks is very common in India and the products are mainly used to improve skin complexion by removing dead skin. Facial cleansers witnessed a higher value growth rate in 2009 compared to 2008, spurred by the emphasis among newly launched brands such as Neutrogena (Johnson Johnson Ltd) and EverYuth Menz (Cadila Healthcare Ltd) on this category through their mass-media campaigns. Moreover, existing brands with a loyal consumer base, such as StreetWear (Modi Revlon Pvt Ltd), Nivea for Men (Nivea India Pvt Ltd) and Lactocalamine (Piramal Healthcare Ltd), expanded their product portfolio by launching facial cleansers in 2009. Even premium brands such as Clinique (Elca Cosmetics Pvt Ltd) saw a robust increase in the sales of their facial cleansers in 2009. 5.4 TRENDS IN ADVERTISEMENTS LUX: Today, the brand is still heavily advertised in India using Bollywood stars. Madhubala, Hema Malini, Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Juhi Chawla, Rani Mukerji have all been past brand ambassadors] Aishwarya Rai, Priyanka Chopra and Katrina Kaif are the present brand ambassadors of Lux. In India Shahrukh Khan was the first male in a Lux advertisement. LUX signed up the King Khan as its ambassador for its 75th celebration year. This was quite interesting and made a clutter breaking endorsement. Why SRK? We can only speculate that he is a person who relates to emotions quite strongly, especially with ladies emotions. This could also be a way of the company wanting to create a wider space around the brand LUX to cater to a wider target group. Beauty being the central theme and emotions being the space around beauty. In this respect, currently Abhi-ash (Abhishek and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan) endorse the brand together. We dont see much of male models doing endorsement for soaps. Cinthol got Vinod Khanna, and it made the first mark in the consumer mind of male soap. Lifebuoy advertised with a bunch of males and it was more oriented towards cleanliness and god health and not in the beauty space. DOVE: Brand managers the world over are understandably jealous. Imagine having unearthing and exposing some of the neuroses women have about themselves, create a sensitive and believable marketing campaign, and then yes inspire change! In 2004, Unilevers Dove dared to launch this as its new positioning. And of course, it worked. Till date, the brand continues to excel in its role as marketer-turned-social activist, while, naturally, never losing sight of the core business. What were getting a lot better at now is incorporating the Campaign for Real Beauty message along with the product-specific, product-superiority kind of message, says Sharon MacLeod, Doves brand manager, on its evolution this year. Ordinary women from different walks of life feature in Dove ads rather than celebrities which enhances believability of the product. FAIR AND LOVELY: Its the ultimate product in India in catering to fairness needs of women. Advertisements highlight the plight of dark women who are under confident and even ridiculed in society. Then once they use FAL they are not only fair and glowing but also confident about going out into the world and getting a corporate job or becoming a super star. Such ads have a mass appeal. india is one country where women are judged and discriminated on the basis of their complexion and this brand offers a solution to facing that so called humiliation, hence it has sold like hot cakes since its launch. A similar product has been launched by other companies for fairness creams suited for men, PONDS: The ponds googli wooglie ads are supposed to be charming and have been readily accepted by the customers. However, the launch of PONDS AGE MIRACLE has been quite successful. The ad reads see the change in your husband i.e. PONDS reverses wrinkles and spots of ageing to transform oneself into ones youthful self. This brand too doesnt use celebrities to make ads more believable and simple rather than using celebrities who often divert the attention from the brand to themselves OLAY: Olay anti-ageing ads make extensive use of celebrities to endorse its brand. these include Sushmita Sen, Gul Panag etc to vouch for these brands. This adds credibility to the brand. This a premium brand and mostly symbolizes sophistication. JOHNSON JOHNSON: Baby care products are virtually a monopoly. These ads feature cherubic babies learning to walk, being cared for by their mothers etc. The products are also used by adults with sensitive skin. In order to cater to the needs of other adult segments, Neutrogena provides cleansers toners moisturizers lotions anti-ageing creams etc. The brand is endorsed by new age icons like Prachi Desai and Deepika Padukone. Clean Clear is a major brand in treatment of acne with its astringent, face wash and pimple zapping ointment. 5.5 BARRIERS TO ENTRY India being a price sensitive market there is low penetration by international brands High rate of new product launches Calls for ability to constantly update their products to changing customer needs or else the competitor can sweep the market away High advertisement spending Barriers specific to anti ageing sub segment: It is the working woman who is more conscious of the way she looks rather than the woman who stays at home. And in India that segment is still small, unlike the Chinese market where there is a high population of working women. To that extent, the companies find it limiting to enter this segment India. Also products are on the more expensive side. They are considered premium. For example, Olay is priced at Rs 599 for a 50 gm pump jar Producing efficacious anti-aging solutions requires a lot of science and research, which can prove expensive. This compresses the target market therefore discouraging companies from entering this sub segment and competing with already established brands commanding a high degree of brand loyalty. BRAND PERCEPTION SURVEY 6.1 Questionnaire If we assume every brand to be personified, what personality trait would you associate each of these brands with? Lux Dove Fair and Lovely Lakme Ponds Johnson Johnson Baby care Neutrogena Himalaya Boroplus Olay Garnier Vaseline Clear n Clear For making a decision regarding the purchase of a skin care product, rank the importance of the following in the decision process Price Quality Advertisements Publicity Innovation Note: Fairness, Anti ageing and Winter-care have contributed to either fuelling or sustaining growth in the skin care segment. The following questions therefore pertain to one major brand from each of these sub-segments namely Fair Lovely, Olay and Pond Answer the following in Yes/No FAL OLAY PONDS Quality The brand is of superior quality You would refer the brand to others Price The brand offers competitive pricing Its value proposition for the price is best in this class Innovation You view the brand as innovative The brand offers real-world solutions The brand understands the need of the market Advertisements Publicity The ads for the brand are superior to competitors The ads are suitable to the brand 6.2 RESULTS OF THE SURVEY Popular responses to the brands were: Lux : Competent Dove: Sincere Fair and Lovely: Imaginative Lakme: Spirited Ponds: Charming Johnson Johnson Baby care: Loving Neutrogena: Fresh Himalaya: Natural Boroplus: Reliable Olay: Sophisticated Garnier: Classy Vaseline: Gentle Clear n Clear: Confident On the basis of survey the following were the criteria as ranked by consumers in making a purchase decision regarding a skin care product: Rank Criteria Quality Price Innovation Advertisements Publicity FAL OLAY PONDS The brand is of superior quality 80% 84% 80% You would refer the brand to others 92% 76% 68% The brand offers competitive pricing 100% 60% 84% Its value proposition is best in this class 96% 80% 92% FAL OLAY PONDS You view the brand as innovative 92% 96% 60% The brand offers real-world solutions 80% 92% 76% The brand understands the need of the market 100% 72% 72% The ads for the brand are superior to competitors 56% 52% 52% The ads are suitable to the brand 80% 92% 80% 6.3 ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS DRAWN Since all responses are above 50% in favor of Yes, the percentages indirectly reflect the degree of to which people agree: 50-70: Somewhat Agree 70-90: Agree 90-100: Totally agree We found that these brands are superior in their respective sub segments. On interviewing the women, we found that while FAL is the undisputed champion in fairness creams, OLAY is viewed as reasonably good as compared to other anti-ageing creams due to its extensive advertising and PONDS is the most viable solution for winter-care hence the popularity of Ponds Cold Cream. FAL It is viewed to be reasonably priced and thus is value for money. A whopping 100% feel that the brand is catering to the needs of the market. In India, it is no secret that women wish to be fair, hence FAL provides the perfect solution at the best price. Ads are believed to be superior to competitors but by a very small margin. The ads have a mass appeal and are considered suitable to the brand. OLAY The positive responses point to the fastest growing sub segment in skin care: Anti-Ageing creams. OLAY is premium brand (not meant to cater to the masses). The brand is viewed as very innovative and effectively provides a solution to the new-age need of agelessness among women. There are other players that dilute the impact of this brand on consumer minds but OLAY has made an impression with its celebrity endorsements. PONDS anti ageing creams offer ads which are more attractive hence the OLAY ads are not able to build an exclusive brand perception in the minds of people. PONDS Its value proposition is best among cold creams. It may not cater to the needs of all people as those with oily skin may choose to avoid using PONDS. The cream may cause stickiness in such cases which can lead to acne problems. However, when it comes to using a cold cream, most prefer this brand. The ads are considered endearing and suitable to the brand. The new emerging needs for fairness and anti-ageing solutions have not completely overruled the importance of ponds cold creams. Also as noted earlier, PONDS See the difference in your husband Anti-ageing creams are preferred in terms of ads UNMET NEEDS IN SKINCARE Oily skin: For skin which is more on the oilier side. A regular matt base cream or even the anti oil creams available in the market causes flakes to accumulate on the surface and oil based cream results in stickiness which may aggravate acne. An oil control version of Fair and Lovely solved the problem to some extent but it was still on the stickier side. Moreover, this product is not to be seen in the market anymore. There is a need to cater to people with this skin type as they often find themselves not using moisturizers or sunscreens at all (rather be tanned than have an acne outbreak) Elimination acne for good: There is no effective fool proof method of preventing recurring outbursts of acne. People prone to acne succumb to outbreaks throughout their life. Even those who regularly use cleansers to maintain oil free skin as well as anti acne creams or zap pimples with anti-pimple acid based ointments have to face them again. Anti-Radiation: Long-term exposure to radiation from televisions, microwaves, cell phones, computers and laptops etc. increases the risk of all forms of cancer, tumors, blood disorders, miscarriage, headaches, insomnia and anxiety. This we have heard but little do people know that it also causes aging of the skin by drying or wrinkling the skin, skin burn, etc. This form of skin damage is identical to sun damage and causes the same health problems. Computer radiation is most harmful to skin health because we sit directly in front of the computer for long periods of time with our face absorbing the radiation. This may require extensive research and development on the part of companies but a skin care product catering to protect one from these radiations can be regarded as a latent need. Hand care : There is no product specifically catering to this sub segment. Regular manicures are not feasible to care for ones hands. Indian womens hands are abused in the course of washing clothes and dishes, Hands become rough and hard. Lotions, moisturizers and antiseptics exclusively for ones hands are an unmet need. Premium skin care range specially designed to suit mens skin is largely unmet. The only progress in this respect is with regards the new entry of fairness creams fo

The New Hazardous Waste: Electronic Waste Essay -- Technology Technol

The New Hazardous Waste: Electronic Waste Technology has opened human existence to greater ideas and knowledge than we ever thought was possible. Technological advances in everything from medicine to the distribution of information have made for a better and more convenient life. Computers and the use of the internet has created a global network in which people half-way across the globe from each other can communicate and share information instantaneously. In 1965 Gordon Moore, one of the founding members of the Intel corporation, observed and proclaimed that the processing power of computers was doubling every 18 months. Labeled as Moore’s Law, this trend continues to this day. This law and the mindset that everyone needs the newest fastest sharpest computer has created a global hazardous waste problem predicted to be the largest toxic waste problem of the 21st century.1 The problem commonly referred to as electronic waste, or e-waste, consists of the hazardous materials and plastics that computers and ot her electronic items are made of. Being that this is such a relatively new problem, not many people outside of those in large electronic companies, those who work in landfills, and people overseas in China, Indonesia, and other Asian countries where the waste is shipped know of the problem. If the world’s population is not educated and recycling or reuse programs are not initiated, catastrophe on a global level is possible. Few steps have been made to solve this problem, and the question of who is responsible, the consumer or the producer, is a valid and interesting topic to be explored. Come along as the hazardous world of e-waste is explored with background, as well as solutions and ideas for the future. ... ...eek, 4/16/2001, Vol. 8 Issue 15, p46. 4. Gawel, Richard. â€Å"Groups Aim to Make Molehill Out of Mountain of Electronic Waste†. Electronic Design, 02/19/2001, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p34. 5. Bartholomew, Doug. â€Å"Computer Makers Tackle E-Waste†. Industry Week/IW, Jan2004, Vol. 253 Issue 1, p60, 1p Other Resources Crozier, Ry. â€Å"Passing the Buck†. Electronic News (North America), 7/28/2003, Vol. 49 Issue 30. â€Å"E-Waste Reuse†. Industry Week/IW, Jan2003, Vol. 252 Issue 1, p19. Elgin, Ben. â€Å"The Information Age’s Toxic Garbage†. Business Week, 10/6/2003 Issue 3852, p54. â€Å"Long Awaited Electronic Waste Recycling Initiative is Approved†. Professional Engineering, 4/17/2002, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p5. â€Å"NSWMA Adopts e-Waste Disposal Program†. Professional Safety, Nov2003, Vol. 48 Issue 11. â€Å"Paper, Plastic, Or TV?† Environment, Sep2002, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p7 The New Hazardous Waste: Electronic Waste Essay -- Technology Technol The New Hazardous Waste: Electronic Waste Technology has opened human existence to greater ideas and knowledge than we ever thought was possible. Technological advances in everything from medicine to the distribution of information have made for a better and more convenient life. Computers and the use of the internet has created a global network in which people half-way across the globe from each other can communicate and share information instantaneously. In 1965 Gordon Moore, one of the founding members of the Intel corporation, observed and proclaimed that the processing power of computers was doubling every 18 months. Labeled as Moore’s Law, this trend continues to this day. This law and the mindset that everyone needs the newest fastest sharpest computer has created a global hazardous waste problem predicted to be the largest toxic waste problem of the 21st century.1 The problem commonly referred to as electronic waste, or e-waste, consists of the hazardous materials and plastics that computers and ot her electronic items are made of. Being that this is such a relatively new problem, not many people outside of those in large electronic companies, those who work in landfills, and people overseas in China, Indonesia, and other Asian countries where the waste is shipped know of the problem. If the world’s population is not educated and recycling or reuse programs are not initiated, catastrophe on a global level is possible. Few steps have been made to solve this problem, and the question of who is responsible, the consumer or the producer, is a valid and interesting topic to be explored. Come along as the hazardous world of e-waste is explored with background, as well as solutions and ideas for the future. ... ...eek, 4/16/2001, Vol. 8 Issue 15, p46. 4. Gawel, Richard. â€Å"Groups Aim to Make Molehill Out of Mountain of Electronic Waste†. Electronic Design, 02/19/2001, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p34. 5. Bartholomew, Doug. â€Å"Computer Makers Tackle E-Waste†. Industry Week/IW, Jan2004, Vol. 253 Issue 1, p60, 1p Other Resources Crozier, Ry. â€Å"Passing the Buck†. Electronic News (North America), 7/28/2003, Vol. 49 Issue 30. â€Å"E-Waste Reuse†. Industry Week/IW, Jan2003, Vol. 252 Issue 1, p19. Elgin, Ben. â€Å"The Information Age’s Toxic Garbage†. Business Week, 10/6/2003 Issue 3852, p54. â€Å"Long Awaited Electronic Waste Recycling Initiative is Approved†. Professional Engineering, 4/17/2002, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p5. â€Å"NSWMA Adopts e-Waste Disposal Program†. Professional Safety, Nov2003, Vol. 48 Issue 11. â€Å"Paper, Plastic, Or TV?† Environment, Sep2002, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p7

Corporate Finance Homework – Chapter 4

Corporate Finance2 CreditsBU. 231. 620. 62Thursday 6pm – 9pm, 10/18/2012–12/13/2012Fall2, 2012Columbia, Columbia Center, 218| Instructor Shabnam Mousavi Contact Information Phone Number: (410)234-9450 E-mail Address: [email  protected] edu Office Hours Monday/Thursday 10am-noon Required Text and Learning Materials (1) Berk, J. and P. DeMarzo. 2007. Corporate Finance. 2nd Edition. Pearson, Addison-Wesley with MyLab access. The ISBN is 0-13-295-040-5. (2) Lecture Notes. The lecture notes will be posted weekly on Blackboard, before class. 3) MyFinanceLab: All homework and quizzes are posted on MyFinanceLab. Instructions available at the end of this syllabus. Course ID: mousavi28617 Blackboard Site A Blackboard course site is set up for this course. Each student is expected to check the site throughout the semester as Blackboard will be the primary venue for outside classroom communications between the instructors and the students. Students can access the course site at h ttps://blackboard. jhu. edu. Support for Blackboard is available at 1-866-669-6138.Course Evaluation As a research and learning community, the Carey Business School is committed to continuous improvement. Therefore each student must complete the course evaluation as part of the continuous improvement process. Information on how to complete the evaluation will be provided near the end of the course. Disability Services Johns Hopkins University and the Carey Business School are committed to making all academic programs, support services, and facilities accessible.To determine eligibility for accommodations, please contact the Carey Disability Services Office at time of admission and allow least four weeks prior to the beginning of the first class meeting. Students should contact Rachel Hall in the Disability Services office by phone at 410-234-9243, by fax at 443-529-1552, or email: carey. [email  protected] edu. Important Academic Policies and Services * Honor Code * Statement of D iversity and Inclusion * Tutoring * Carey Writing Center * Inclement Weather PolicyStudents are strongly encouraged to consult the Johns Hopkins Carey Business School Student Handbook and Academic Catalog and the School website http://carey. jhu. edu/syllabus_policies for detailed information regarding the above items. Course Description The goal of this course is to analyze the major decisions of a corporation. The course deals primarily with a firm’s investment and financing decisions and the firm’s interaction with capital markets. Topics include valuation of future cash flows and risk, capital budgeting, capital structure theory, and pay-out theory.Course Overview About 90% of total revenues in the US economy are generated by corporations. Understanding decision-making within a corporation, whether it is about the choice of investment or about how to raise capital to finance a specific investment, is fundamentally important to understand the key players in todayâ⠂¬â„¢s economy. This course provides the tools to understand efficient decision-making within a corporation by employing the notion of absence of arbitrage (i. e. , the Law of One Price), namely the fundamental principle shaping all aspects of modern finance.While my goal cannot be to make you expert managers in eight weeks, you will be able to evaluate important corporate decisions coherently within the framework of the no-arbitrage principle. Student Learning Objectives for This Course All Carey graduates are expected to demonstrate competence on four Learning Goals, operationalized in eight Learning Objectives. These learning goals and objectives are supported by the courses Carey offers. For a complete list of Carey learning goals and objectives, please refer to the website http://carey. jhu. edu/LearningAtCarey/LGO/index. html. The learning objectives for this course are: . You should be able to price future certain (and uncertain) streams of income. 2. You should be able to us e effectively valuation methods when making capital-budgeting decisions. 3. You should recognize the financial and strategic implications of alternative corporate financing decisions in different environments. 4. You should recognize the financial and strategic implications of alternative corporate pay-out decisions in different environments. 5. You should understand agency problems in the context of corporate financing and pay-out decisions and their ethical implications. Attendance PolicyClass attendance is mandatory. Each student should read the assigned materials and give careful thought to background information prior to each class session. Having done so will not only facilitate class discussion, it will also lighten your workload because the lectures are much easier to follow after the readings have been digested. Assignments Course grades will be based on 3 quizzes (Dates on MyFinanceLab), homework assignments, and a final exam. The quizzes will be available on MyFinanceLab. A maximum of one quiz can be missed. If a quiz is missed, additional weight (10%) is put on the final exam. Missing a quiz only means â€Å"not sitting for it. † For example, it does not mean â€Å"discarding an unfavorable grade ex-post. †) Homework assignments will be posted each week on MyFinanceLab. You can work on these in groups but you do not have to do so, if you so choose. After due date no points will be given for a homework. The final exam will be about 3-hour long. It will be closed-book. A two-sided (A4) self made consolidation-sheet will be allowed. Evaluation and Grading Assignment| Learning Outcome| Weight| 3 quizzes| 1-5| 10% each| Assignments| 1-5| 20%| Final exam| 1-5| 50%|Important notes about grading policy: The grade for good performance in a course will be a B+/B. The grade of A- will only be awarded for excellent performance. The grade of A will be reserved for those who demonstrate extraordinarily excellent performance. The grades of D+, D, an d D- are not awarded at the graduate level. Grade appeals will ONLY be considered in the case of a documented clerical error. Tentative Course Calendar *The instructor reserves the right to alter course content and/or adjust the pace to accommodate class progress. REMARK1: no class on 11/22, and 11/29- ThanksgivingREMARK2: Online material including quizzes, activities, and practices are designed on MyFinanceLab; Always check your MyFinanceLab for assignments; You are responsible for completing online requirements and submitting your work before deadlines. Pre-course readings: Chapters 1 and 2 of Berk and DeMarzo. If you cannot read these chapters for the first class, it is important that you do so for the second class. Week| Content| Reading| 1| (1) Valuing cash flows (2) Net present values| Chapters 3 and 4| 2| * Fundamentals of capital budgeting| Chapter 7| | Quiz1: see dates on MyFinanceLab (1) Debt and equity financing (2) Modigliani-Miller| Chapter 14| 4| (1) Debt and taxes (2) The cost of bankruptcy (3) Optimal capital structure: the trade-off theory (4) Agency costs: time-permitting| Chapters 15 and 16| 5| Quiz2: see dates on MyFinanceLab * Information and pay-out policy| Chapter 17| 6| no class| Online quizzes and assignments (on MyFinanceLab/Blackboard, beyond homework) for minimum total of 3 hours distributed through semester| 7| Quiz3: see dates on MyFinanceLab * More on capital budgeting (with leverage and market imperfections) (1) Risk and return (2) Systematic versus idiosyncratic risk (3) Evaluating the cost of capital| Chapter 18 Chapter 10 and Chapter 12| 8| Final Exam, in Class| Comprehensive| ————————————————- Copyright Statement Unless explicitly allowed by the instructor, course materials, class discussions, and examinations are created for and expected to be used by class participants only. The recording and rebroadcasting of su ch material, by any means, is forbidden. Violations are subject to sanctions under the Honor Code. MyLab / Mastering Student Registration Instructions To register for BU. 231. 620. 62. FA12: 1. Go to pearsonmylabandmastering. com. 2. Under Register, click Student. 3. Enter your instructor’s course ID: mousavi28617, and click Continue. 4.Sign in with an existing Pearson account or create an account:  · If you have used a Pearson website (for example, MyITLab, Mastering, MyMathLab, or MyPsychLab), enter your Pearson username and password. Click Sign In.  · If you do not have a Pearson account, click Create. Write down your new Pearson username and password to help you remember them. 5. Select an option to access your instructor’s online course:  · Use the access code that came with your textbook or that you purchased separately from the bookstore.  · Buy access using a credit card or PayPal.  · If available, get 17 days of temporary access. (Look for a link nea r the bottom of the page. ) 6. Click Go To Your Course on the Confirmation page. Under MyLab / Mastering New Design on the left, click BU. 231. 620. 2. FA12 to start your work. Retaking or continuing a course? If you are retaking this course or enrolling in another course with the same book, be sure to use your existing Pearson username and password. You will not need to pay again. To sign in later: 1. Go to pearsonmylabandmastering. com. 2. Click Sign In. 3. Enter your Pearson account username and password. Click Sign In. 4. Under MyLab / Mastering New Design on the left, click BU. 231. 620. 62. FA12 to start your work. Additional Information See Students > Get Started on the website for detailed instructions on registering with an access code, credit card, PayPal, or temporary access.

European Imperialism in Africa Essays - 1457 Words

Imperialism By the late 19th and early 20th century, Europe was expanding its borders. In an attempt to grow its economy and culture, Europe’s superpowers began to search for new soil. Africa was an easy target; it wasn’t politically secure and it wasn’t modernized. In addition, it had reliable soil which would enable Europe to produce cash crops. European nations began to pour into Africa, called the Scramble for Africa. Soon, Europe took control of Africa, taking raw materials and destroyed African culture. Imperialism is the one to blame for exploitation of people and materials, the destruction of traditional culture, and unnaturally dividing up the land which causes a bunch of problems down the road. There is no doubt that imperialism†¦show more content†¦Only the landowners, merchants, and businessmen from the colonial powers gained from Egypt’s loss. Not only were the only ones who it is obvious that the agriculture and economic change in Egypt was only good for the â€Å"Businessmen from the colonial powers, Egyptian landowners, and local merchants profited from these agricultural changes.† iii In addition Egyptian’s loss, Europe began to take coastal land from Africa. Coastal land was a big enterprise for the colonial powers; it provided a stopping port for ships that were traveling to China and Eastern Asia. Setting up ports along the African coast increased the trade between Europe and Asia, so European powers demanded and obtained a large portion of African costal land. Also, in 1870 diamonds were being discovered in the cape of Africa. The British owned a colony in Cape Town, which was their biggest trade hub for India and Eastern Asia. With a big trade system close, the British began to hundreds of miles of land north of Cape Town. Their goal was to claim land which had diamonds. They were extremely successful. As the diamond trade began, Britain had staked a large portion of the land which held diamonds, mak ing the diamonds belong to them. This too is a great example of imperialism exploiting the country for their land, and in Egypt’s cases their raw materials. Through imperialism, the superior white race set up a new culture in Africa. This new shift in cultural paradigm destroyed the natural andShow MoreRelatedEuropean Imperialism in Africa Essays1518 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol of regions in Africa and set up colonies there. In the beginning, colonization caused the Africans little harm, but before long, the Europeans started to take complete control of wherever they went. The Europeans used their advanced knowledge and technology to easily maneuver through the vast African landscape and used advanced weapons to take control of the African people and their land. The countries that claimed the most land and had the most significant effect on Africa were France, EnglandRead MoreEuropean Imperialism in Africa Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages1800’s, was starting for a land grab in the African continent. Around 1878, most of Africa was unexplored, but by 1914, most of Africa, with the lucky exception of Liberia and Ethiopia, was carv ed up between European powers. There were countless motivations that spurred the European powers to carve Africa, like economical, political, and socio–cultural, and there were countless attitudes towards this expansion into Africa, some of approval and some of condemnation. Europe in this period was a worldRead MoreEssay on Africa vs European Imperialism841 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ: Imperialism In AfricaAzra Azvar Period 3 2/21/10 Whites vs Blacks In the late 19th and early 20th centuries European imperialism caused its countries to divide up the rest of the world, each country claiming bits as its own. Due to its large amounts of resources, Africa was one of the main areas European nations invaded in the cause if imperialism. In Africa, there were positive and negative effects towards the Africans and the invaders. Some positive effects on Africans were thatRead MoreEuropean Imperialism And The Colonization Of Africa984 Words   |  4 PagesAmongst the 1870s and 1900, Africa confronted European imperialist hostility, political pressures, military assaults, and ultimately the conquest and colonization. At the same time, African civilizations put up numerous methods of resistance against the effort to inhabit their countries and enforce foreign control. By the early twentieth century, however, much of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, had been inhabited by European powers. The European imperialist drive into Africa was en couraged by threeRead MoreEuropean Imperialism in Late 19th Century Africa1624 Words   |  7 Pages European Imperialism in Late 19th Century Africa: African Response and Effects Rafael Delatorre History 002B Professor Standish April 12, 2014 Between 1870 and 1914, European countries ceased about ninety percent of Africa. Native Africans faced political, military, and imperialism pressure from various European countries. After the end of the profitable slave trade in Africa, due to abolishing of slavery, Europeans explored forRead MoreThe Impact of 19th Century European Imperialism in Africa1024 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean Imperialism heavily impacted the African continent through culturally, economic, and political ideas. This era of history is heavily drenched in the aspect of ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one’s own culture is superior that of another. The Europeans colonized Africa believing that they could bring civilization, but they were often ignorant of Africa’s very complex societies. The European powers divided up the continent of Africa among themselves, without any consent from the peopleRead MoreThe Effects of European Imperialism on South Africa Essay1847 Words   |  8 PagesThe county of South Africa is an economically flourishing country and probably the most advanced country on the continent of Africa. However the entire continent of Africa is probably the most undeveloped part of the world. Why is South Africa so different from the rest of its continent? Karen Politis Virk explains that it is because of South Africa’s developed economy and diverse population (Virk 40). South Africa has three main ethnic groups: African, Afrikaners, and the mixed race. The AfrikanersRead MoreWinds of Change: European Imperialism in Africa Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesby aliens, they were invaded by foreigners. They were invaded by Christian missionaries from England. The natives did not believe the stories of their neighboring village being destroyed and suffered the consequences. When British imperialism found its way into Africa it had quite profound effects on the indigenous populations such as deterioration of ancient tribal practices, hostile situations, and death and suffering on both sides. In the village of Umuofia, located near the lower Niger RiverRead More Migration and Disease in Africa during European Imperialism Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesThe Relationship between Migration and Disease in Africa during European Imperialism During the era of European Imperialism, from approximately 1880 to 1930, an increasing number of Europeans began to colonize West Africa. Because of this colonization many African natives migrated eastward, inadvertently transporting diseases to which the East Africans were not immune (Ransford 76). This phenomenon can be explained through examining the implications of geographical isolation, theRead MoreWhat Was the Driving Force Behind European Imperialism in Africa628 Words   |  3 PagesAndres Lugo Professor William Hendricks March 17, 2015 World Civilizations II Domination of resources The European powers that were in much need for resources during the 1500s through 1800s were Great Britain, France and Germany. During 1500 and 1800 Africa seemed like an impossible feat to conquer because of malaria but this wouldn’t stop the persistence of the leaders of France and Great Britain. The idea of exploring and conquering new land meant more to these leaders because of the motivation

Essay about Comparison of Maupassants Short Stories

Comparison of Maupassants Short Stories A Vendetta is a short story written by Guy de Maupassant pre 1914. It is set in Bonifacio, Corsica and is about Antoine Saverini who was savagely murdered and his mother who swore over his dead body that she would seek revenge. After an argument, Nicolas Ravolati murders Antoine Saverini by stabbing him in the back. When his mother sees her sons dead body for the first time, brought to her house by passers by, she sheds no tears however, she swears she will avenge him. The old woman knows that she is too old and weak to avenge his death herself. One night while Frisky the dog howled she was suddenly inspired. For three months she trained Frisky to†¦show more content†¦He crams A Vendetta full of descriptive writing giving the reader a better understanding of where the story is set and the characters that are in the story. The first two paragraphs only describe Bonifacio, where A Vendetta is set. Maupassant gives a very negative image to Bonifacio, describing its ramparts and its bristling reefs. It is a dangerous channel into which few ships venture. By using dramatic imagery he manages to give the impression that Bonifacio is a very dangerous and unwelcoming place. I like Maupassants use of similes especially They look like the nests of wild birds clinging to the rock looking down on this dangerous channel. This helps the reader to visualise the pebble dashed cottages literally clinging onto the mountainside. Throughout the story Maupassant uses imagery in a very dramatic way. Maupassant makes clever use of personification, The wind harasses the sea remorselessly giving the impression of a turbulent storm, it is as if the sea has got a life of its own. Maupassants use of the word harasses is very powerful and it conjures up an atmosphere of storms, thunder and lightning, again portraying that Bonifacio is a dangerous place. He describes Saverinis house as clinging to the very edge of the cliff once again using personification to describe Bonifacio. The two main characters in A Vendetta are the old woman and Frisky.Show MoreRelatedWilla Cathers Pauls Case and Maupassants The Necklace Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesWilla Cathers Pauls Case and Maupassants The Necklace When comparing two fictional characters from two different writers one must first and foremost analyze their dreams, ambitions, or goals in the story. Whether the character is settingRead MoreThe Necklace and Story of an Hour; a Comparison Essay2800 Words   |  12 PagesNecklace and Story of An Hour; A Comparison Megan Ford ENG125 Instructor Reljic August 19, 2012 At first glance, Chopin’s Story of an Hour (1894) and de Maupassant’s The Necklace (1884), appear to have very little in common. Chopin’s story, as displayed in its title is quite short; while in comparison, de Maupassant tells a much more detailed account of the beleaguered Loisel’s, who must learn from the self-centred Madam Loisel. With de Maupassant’s depictionRead MoreTwo Great Short Stories Read by Many are A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner and The Necklace by Guy De Maupassan583 Words   |  3 PagesTwo of the greatest short stories written back in late 19th and early 20th centuries are still read by many people. The two stories are â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner and Guy De Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace†. Faulkner’s book is about a woman named Emily Grierson’s life and her horrible secret she hides. The other book is about a materialistic woman named Mathilde Loisel loses a fake necklace and find out to be a fake one after ten years later. Although these stories are written aboutRead MoreVendetta1999 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper aims to make an analysis of the short story entitled, â€Å"The Vendetta†, written by Guy de Maupassant. â€Å"Vendetta†, which means â€Å"revenge† in the English language, is the core of this short story, and the concept from which the main character depends upon in order to survive. The story revolved around the revenge of the Widow Saverini because of the death of her son Antoine Saverini. Antoine was killed by a man named, Nicolas Ravolati, who was the object of revenge of Antoine’s mother. TheRead MoreA Comparison of A Vendetta by Guy de Maupassant and The Red Room by H.G. Wells906 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of A Vendetta by Guy de Maupassant and The Red Room by H.G. Wells I am aiming to look at the differences and similarities of two writers methods of creating tension in their stories. The two stories I am looking at are A Vendetta by Guy de Maupassant and The Red Room by H. G. Wells. After I have discussedRead More The Necklace Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Necklace† Around the world, values are expressed differently. Some people think that life is about the little things that make them happy. Others feel the opposite way and that expenses are the way to live. In Guy de Maupassant’s short story, â€Å"The Necklace†, he develops a character, Madame Loisel, who illustrates her different style of assessments. Madame Loisel, a beautiful woman, lives in a wonderful home with all the necessary supplies needed to live. However, she is very unhappyRead MoreWalter Mitty vs. the Necklace2159 Words   |  9 Pagesand men and women. These works usually depict the girls and women doing housework, playing with dolls, and cooking. The men are usually depicted as sports players and lovers, providers, and figures that are overall stronger than woman. Guy de Maupassant’s, â€Å"The Necklace† and James Thurber’s, â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† are two works of literature that focus on the themes gender ro les and marriage, with some similarities, but with even more differences. In â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter MittyRead MoreThe Idealistic Values That Fueled The Violent And Bloody French Revolution Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagesfueled the violent and bloody French Revolution. Rigid class hierarchy served as one of the factors that beget the turbulence of a war-torn France in the 1800’s—the tumultuous era in which Guy de Maupassant penned his short story, â€Å"The Necklace.† The Loisels, the main couple of the story, demonstrate unhappiness with their social structure and the insatiable desire for a higher social standing. Yet instead of seeking such lofty ideals as liberty and equality, they sought tangible wealth. By dehumanizing

Female Stereotypes Essay - 1351 Words

For most of history, anonymous was a woman, quotes Virginia Woolf. (1) Throughout history, women’s lives were restricted to domesticity and family, and they were left oppressed and without political voice. Over the decades the roles of women have dramatically changed from chattels belonging to their husbands to gaining independence. Women became famous activists, thinkers, writers, and artists, like Frida Kahlo who was an important figure for women’s independence. The price women paid in their fight for equality was to die or be imprisoned along with men, and they were largely forgotten in written history. However, the roles they took on were wide-ranging which included working in factories, tending the troops, taking care of children†¦show more content†¦Men fought in wars during the Roman Empire and have led the world politically to where it is today. In recent decades men â€Å"ruling the earth† have been threatened by women who are now holding execut ive positions and political offices. Many feminists have been fighting for equality and independence. Frida Kahlo was one of the feminist who was a true heroine who refused to settle for the inactive role required in the society of women during her time. In her artwork, she referred to issues beyond her own experiences such as in family photographs, Kahlo dressed as a man to get attention to gender issues. She also wore costumes that conveyed cultural statements. Kahlo wore mens clothes, flowers in her hair, a shawl forming an image of female fighters of the Mexican Revolution. There are similar neo-feminist icons to Frida like the Famous Five, Micaela Bastidas, Taslima Nasrin, Alice Paul, Gloria Anzaldà ºa, and Maxine Hong Kingston. These women have fought for independence and feminism for decades by holding suffragist movements, marches and other ways to gain their independence and rights. The feminist movement has brought a variety of social and cultural change, it changed, reli gion, the place of women in society, gendered language, and relationships between both men and women. According to Bell Hooks, Feminism is a struggle against sexist oppression. Therefore, it is necessarily a struggleShow MoreRelatedThe Stereotypes Of African American Females Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesStereotypes are instilled in us at a young age by our previous experiences and by our parents. Whether they are positive or negative, African American females have to deal with these on a daily basis. Stereotypes often influence the way people view themselves and the way others view them. These are represented in American media, such as commercials and other advertisements. Reflection on Experience After watching one hundred commercials, I found that African American females are represented inRead More Female Stereotypes In The Media Essay973 Words   |  4 Pages Female Stereotypes In The Media In the media the most common female stereotypes, are the housewife and the blonde bimbo. The Housewife. Chained to the kitchen sink, always cleaning and cooking. An old stereotype. In the advertisement for Shake `n Vac a woman is doing the vacuuming and dancing around shaking Shake `n Vac on the floor. This is a stereotype for the reason that a man is nowhere to be found. But in advertisements for intelligent matters likeRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Female Stereotypes1384 Words   |  6 PagesAm: The Female Stereotypes Portrayed in Media Women have always suffered from the overgeneralization of their associated stereotypes throughout media. They have been shown to be objectified in music and movies and having set unrealistic expectations through magazines and commercials. Females are also often inherently taught growing up within society that they have to behave a certain way, dress a certain way, and overall become a certain way. Many people fail to realize that female stereotypes has aRead MoreThe Perpetuation of Female Stereotypes Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of sex selling. If one examines this ad the focus is on the jean skirt, which is what the ad is selling. Or is it? In the movie, Lazarus and Wunderlich bring together Third Wave feminist Amy Richards and Ms. Founder Gloria Steinem to discuss female bodies; and, of course, theres a learned visit with Carol Gilligan, Harvard Professor of Gender Studies. What do advertisements teach us? Imperfection, says Steinem, and the instant need for products to fix us up. Sure this ad wants you to buyRead MoreEssay on Female Stereotypes and Stereotyping in The Big Sleep801 Words   |  4 PagesFemale Stereotypes and Stereotyping in The Big Sleep      Ã‚   Small and delicately put together . . . (5). Tall and rangy, strong looking . . . (17). Chandlers descriptions of Carmen and Vivian, respectively, highlight his use or misuse of the typical female stereotypes in, The Big Sleep. From the initial physical description that Chandler gives, the reader can quickly see that the women are complete opposites. Carmen lacks color and does not appear to be healthy while Vivian is worthRead MoreProving the Stereotype that Males Are Better at Withstanding Pain than Females783 Words   |  4 Pagestheir hand in a bucket of ice water that was about 55 degrees, and were timed. Their times were recorded, and it was found that males lasted an average of twelve seconds longer than females did. The hypothesis that was made ended up being correct, that men will last longer than women. There has always been a stereotype that men can handle pain better than women can. It could be that women are just more vocal about the pain, and men keep it more to themselves (Landau, 2012). Researchers looked throughRead More Stereotypes and Stereotyping - Stereotypical Female in Im Your Horse in the Night2453 Words   |  10 PagesA Stereotypical Female in Im Your Horse in the Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luisa Valenzuelas short story titled Im Your Horse in the Night is a thought provoking piece of literature. The story is written in such a way that the reader must interpret what is meant by what is being said. Although it is easy to go into depth when describing the elements of this piece, the storyline is rather simple. The story contains an assortment of characters; with those characters being Chiquita, Beto, AndresRead MoreOthello - Female Stereotypes Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesextensively explores female stereotypes that occur during the playwright’s time. Throughout the Shakespearian era, women were seen as the inferior sex, over whom men had complete control and thus forcing women to act submissively and obediently in front of their husbands. Men believed that women were objects who just cooked meals, cleaned the house, and bore children while society just accepted these degrading roles. William Shakespeare extensively reinforces female stereotypes by presenting the deathsRead MoreStereotypes In Female College Students1889 Words   |  8 Pageshow female college students dressing professionally affected their test scores in traditionally male-dominated subject areas such as science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). There is an existing stereotype threat against women in these subject areas, which is defined as the risk of fulfilling a negative stereotype about a characteristic that one holds about his or her own group (Steele Aronson, 1995). The stereotype threat that affects females in STEM classes assumes that females areRead MoreSynthesis Of Female Vs Male Stereotypes1560 Words   |  7 PagesCarolyn Hook Professor Dobbs English 101, Sections 61843 October 20, 2017 Synthesis of Female vs Male Stereotypes I will be looking at the two articles, What it means to ‘Be a Man’: How male Gender Stereotypes Try to Fit Growing Boys into a Mold, and Fail by Samantha Olson and the other article is I Want a Wife by Judy Brady. ’Synthesis is the combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole. The combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities

Strategic Management Motor Industries

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Motor Industries. Answer: Introduction: Australian motor industries were established in 1926, where the investment was in the Eclispse Motors Melbourne. The investment in the company Australian Motors Industries was decided by J. F. Crosby and he secured the company while investing it into automobile industry. The company is a successor of Toyota Motor Corporation and the headquarters are in Port Melbourne Australia. The Victorian agency was secured to the Standard Motor which changed the name to Talbot. The standard motor product was the holding company that was formed by the Crosby family that assembled the cars in their new assembly in Melbourne. The subsidiary company which was actually responsible for other vehicle assembly was Australias Standard Motor Company (Bracks, 2008). There were certain changes that were handled by the Mercedez Benz. The associations were large and this held to the Triumph cars with the other subsidiary company. The strategic management operations in the company are carried out according to t he business functions that has marketing, human resource department, production and finance department. The first Toyota car was built The business strategies and the corporate strategies are discussed while implementing the capabilities and the leadership skills that enhance the communication and culture of the company. Pestle analysis and Porters five force model do affect the business goals. The business objectives and goals are discussed while implementing the change management as and when necessary in the business (Bracks, 2008). The strategic business plan is formulated in accordance with the growth and development of the company. The analysis and the information of the company describes about the strategic plan that needs to be carried out in accordance with the internal environmental analysis while evaluating the competencies and resources. The internal and external analysis help to gain information that results in the findings with its conclusion and analysis of the case (Workplace Express, 2014). External Environment Analysis PESTEL analysis for Australian motor industries. The PESTEL analysis is an analysis tool to identify the current position and the future directions of any company. The meaning of the PESTEL analysis is showcased by Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Legal factors which affect the performance and success of any company. Here we use the PESTEL analysis to identify the forces and the significance of these forces on the Australian motor industries (Wheelen Hunger, 2002). Political Factors The political factors affect the company on a high basis as the company has to follow the regulations and trade policies. The company gets its raw materials and parts from outside the country. Thus, as per different trade relations with various countries, the company has immense political factors affecting the growth of the company (Tambunan, 2007). If the relationships of Australia are not good with the countries with which the Australian Motor Industries deal, that can act as a huge disadvantage for the company having the political factors affecting the trade relations of the two companies. The royal commission policy was also subjected to having a great impact on the company. Thus the political factors play a vital role in the success and development of the company (Bracks, 2008). Economic factors The economic factors definitely affect the companys value. The rate, inflation, the currency exchanges and rates, the macro economic climate of the country, the rate of the taxes, the labor cost etc. all these factors are subjected to have a huge impact on the company. If the company trades with other countries for import and export purposes, the exchange rates may benefit or harm the companys overall revenue generation (Raman, 2010). Social factors The social factors are the huge impact factors which affect the company. The automobile industry is especially concerned with the diving and environmental concerns. The company needs to follow an all the social and political norms when it comes to serving in the automobile industry. Global warming, electric cars, aging population issues everything has an effect on the company. Thus the social factors have a huge impact on the AMI (Zulaikha Ellya, 2008). Technological factors Technological factors also contribute highly on the company as the automobile field is completely driven by the technology. The technological factors such as the development of the product using new technologies and proposing new technologies in the new products the company launches. It is very important to use the latest technology and serve the customers with the technological advances products to sustain the market and to beat the competitors (Bracks, 2008). Legal Factors The legal factors like the customer satisfaction acts, the better quality acts etc. works on the company in a large basis. The company has to follow all the legal formalities and regulations which the government has included in the policies. Thus the legal aspect is the highly impactful factors on the companys growth and success (Raman, 2010). Porters 5 force analysis The porters 5 force analysis is showcases the current position of the company and the several factors affecting the companys development and success ratios. The analysis consists of the 5 forces which are the suppliers bargaining power, the customers bargain power, the threat of new entrants, the threat of competitors and the threat of the substitute products. The porters 5 force analysis for the AMI is as follows: The bargain power of the buyers The customers bargain power acts immensely on the company. The buyers have a lot of choices in the Australian market. The companies are quite rich with the brand image and the market position in Australia. This can lead to a huge threat to the AMI and the company must consider developing a strong base for attracting ad sustaining more customers (Bracks, 2008). The suppliers bargain power The bargaining power of the suppliers gets heavy when there is more number of companies acting as competition for the company. If the suppliers have huge options, the suppliers would bargain more regarding the costs and the profit shares. The Australian market is full of such automobile companies, thus the bargaining power of the suppliers is high (Raman, 2010). Threat of competition The company faces a huge completion in the domestic market as there are several local Australian automobile companies as well the international automobile companies like Toyota which serves as a huge competition to the company. This threat of competition is high for AMI (Political Structure, 2011). The threat of substitute products. The substitute products are the various cars and automobiles, which can replace the companys products. This indicates that the various company products and goods can give a huge competition to the AMI (Zulaikha Ellya, 2008). The threat of new entrants Though the company has a strong and a huge base in the country, there is a risk of the new entrants getting more market share. However, it is not that easy to get in competition with such a well established company with a new and starting phase. Thus the company has a very less threat of new entrants. Internal Environment analysis: Any organization irrespective of its nature, size and scope of work perform several functions such as functions of production, finance, human resource management, marketing etc. For any strategy to be successful, realistic assessment of the organizations resources and capabilities is must. While formulating the strategies an internal analysis helps to strengthen the strong points and overcome the weaknesses. The internal analysis process includes the resources of the firm, type of business the organization is in, the objectives, plans, policies etc. Australian motor industries were basically an automobile assembly firm in the early history of Australia. In 1926 J.F. Crosby invested in Eclipse Motors Ltd of Melbourne and in 1929 AMI secured the Victorian agency for Standard Motor companys cars. With this secured agencies AMI had a steady expansion during 1930s. Evaluating Key resources and competencies: The Australian Motor Industries was one of the few popular car manufacturers. It was mainly specialized in redesigning of the popular cars such as Mercedes, Toyota, Rambler etc. Eclipse Motors was established in 1920 with the prime purpose of imported automobile sales in Australia. This business was expanded in 1952 under the name of Standard Motor Company Pty. Ltd. with the main objective of franchising the building of cars in Australia itself, and thus avoiding the high import tax and providing the employment to the locals. The port of Melbourne plant, thus became the birthplace of Australian Motor Industries. AMI had both the tangible and intangible resources all at a proper place (Zulaikha Ellya, 2008). The tangible resources include assembly plant for passenger cars, assembly unit for tractors and other assembly lines for different other segments. Australian Motor Industries imported knock down kits with the help of which it had the capacity of assembling about 100 cars per day taking over the Australian automobile market. Import taxes on vehicles ultimately led to the significant growth in the Australian vehicle body building industry (Commission, 2014). These changes led to the demise of the small body builders and consolidating Australian Motor Industries with the assembly port of Melbourne was one of the newest facilities introduced in order to meet the postwar demand for cars. By the 1955 assembly lines and units were expanded to huge limits of 33 acres of land and the new engine assembly unit was able to assemble 100 engines per shift i.e. 8 hours. This advancement in the assembly lines and imported kits and with development with Standard Motor Products there were very few to compete. In 1958 the company had a negotiation with Diamler-Benz and in reference to the agreement; the company was given the name as Australian Mo tor Industries (Zulaikha Ellya, 2008). Toyota Tiara was the first Toyota car which was assembled outside Japan by Australian Motor Industries. Toyota Motor Corporation took all the outstanding shares of Australian Motor Industries in 1968 and took over the control. The Japanese company, thus amalgamated the company into two arms, namely Toyota Motor Corporation Australia for passenger cars and Toyota Motor sales for Toyota commercial vehicles and trucks. Findings for internal and external analysis The industry involved in the designing, developing and manufacturing, marketing and selling of motor vehicles is termed as automobile industry. The automobile industry is highly contended in social marketing as well online communities (Rego et al, 2009). People are quite passionate about the product either as an ambitious purchase or as it accomplishing a significant and purposeful part in their lives. People have a strong inclination towards particular brands that they always prefer. Any organization affects majorly due to its internal and external factors. The macro and micro environment is a part of any industry, and as such it is likely to affect its functioning and the overall market (Varadarajan, 2010). The industry is affected by various economic, political, technological, legal and cultural as well as geographical and international factors, which consists of macro environment. Whereas, an organization is duly affected by competitors, new entrants, suppliers and buyers and substitutes this comprises of the internal environment (Mizik Jacobson, 2007). Various issues affecting the Australian automobile industry are variable economic growth, increase in disposable income in Australia, emerging of various lower cost competitors, more and better application of marketing concepts, improving quality control. Other factors also majorly affect the organization and industries are changes in government policies in alliance with the customer satisfaction and the economic growth. Hence forth, the organization needs to strive and cope up with all the factors that hinder the strategic possibilities of the organization (The Senate of Australia, 2015). Recommendations in the automobile industry to mainly concentrate on maintain its high standards for the product development and also give high quality deliverance at its best value. The internal factors such as resources and capabilities need to be used optimum, intelligence and financial resources to be applied to its greatest extent (Mizik Jacobson, 2007). Technological advances take over the industry with its maximum impact and such one should adopt it as quick as possible. Social, legal, political and environmental factors are part of any industry, so to coping with it, making best use of it in the production process only will help the industry to prosper. Making changes in the government policies can be a due source to make surviving the automobile industry (Vorhies et al, 2009). However, the economic risk analysis is an important factor to consider and also to make an evident impact on the industry. Just ensuring the best deliverance through its services and providing the best market product would enhance and industry as well as the company to survive and also make its mark (Wright et al, 2011). Conclusion Australian Motor Industries is the production of Toyota Motors that has an expansion in Melbourne. The company stretches its production and assembly of cars and is renamed to Toyota Ltd in the year 1985. The pestle analysis and the porters five forces model is analyzed and examined in detail to find results that relate to the growth and development of the company. The business plan is formulated as per the business strategies that creates an effectiveness while analyzing the companies strengths and opportunities (Mizik Jacobson, 2007). The macro environment factors and the micro environment factors are the internal and external factors that has an impact over the strategic management in the company. the external environment of the company is analyzed by Porters five forces model and the PESTLE analysis that is undertaken for the business purpose while identifying the key factors when the key opportunities and the business threats are examined. The competitive advantage is felt when the market position is not stable and sustainability is a major driving force that Australian Motor Industries considers in the business plan. 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